This glossary is based on the reading "Mistakes and feedback." You can use it as a resource, to find information about some terms that you will find in alphabetical order.
Accuracy
Noun
Refers to how correct learners' use of the language system is, including their use of grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.
en: ækjʊrəsi
Attempts
Noun
Category of a mistake. When a student tries to say something but does not yet know the correct way of saying it.
en: əˈtempts
Draft
Noun
A preliminary sketch of a piece of writing.
en: drɑːft
Echoing
Verb
Way of pin/pointing an error. The teacher repeats what the student has said. Emphasising the part of the utterance that was wrong.
en: ekōiNG
Error
Noun
Mistake that students can't correct themselves and which therefore need explanation.
en: ˈerə(r)
Expression
Noun
A look on someone's face that conveys a particular emotion. A way to show incorrectness.
en: ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n
Fluency
Noun
The ability to speak or write smoothly and easily.
en: ˈfluːənsi
Hinting
Verb
A quick way of helping students to activate rules they already know. To give a quiet hint.
en: ˈhɪntɪŋ
Ingrained
Adjective
An ingrained attitude, belief, or habit has existed for a long time and cannot easily be changed.
en: inˈɡrānd
Paralinguistic
Adjective
Paralinguistics are the aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words. Body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice for example.
en: ˌpærəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪ
Reformulation
Noun
Correction technique which is widely used both for accuracy and fluency work is for the teacher to repeat back a corrected version of what the student has said.
en: riːˌfɔːmjʊˈleɪʃən
Script
Noun
The words of a film, play, broadcast, or speech.
en: skrɪpt
Slips
Noun
Category of a mistake. That is mistakes which students can correct themselves once the mistake has been pointed out to them.
en: slɪps
Symbols
Noun
Correction codes to indicate that students have made mistakes in their written work. This makes correction much neater and less threatening than random marks and comments